Difference between revisions of "Complexity Zoo:Y"

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Is contained in [[Complexity Zoo:N#npiconp|NP ∩ coNP]] and [[#ypp|YPP]].
 
Is contained in [[Complexity Zoo:N#npiconp|NP ∩ coNP]] and [[#ypp|YPP]].
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Is equal to [[Complexity Zoo:O#onp|ONP]] ∩ coONP.
  
 
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Revision as of 21:57, 27 May 2021

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Complexity classes by letter: Symbols - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

Lists of related classes: Communication Complexity - Hierarchies - Nonuniform


YACC - YP - YPP - YQP


YACC: Yet Another Complexity Class

A term of derision, used against a complexity class.


YP: Your Polynomial-Time or Yaroslav-Percival

The class of decision problems for which there exists a polynomial-time machine M such that:

  • For all input sizes n, there exists a polynomial-size advice string sn such that M(x,sn) outputs the correct answer for all inputs x of size n.
  • For all inputs x and advice strings s, M(x,s) outputs either the correct answer or "I don't know."

Defined in a recent post of the blog Shtetl-Optimized. See there for an explanation of the class's name.

Contains ZPP by the same argument that places BPP in P/poly.

Also contains P with TALLYNPcoNP oracle.

Is contained in NP ∩ coNP and YPP.

Is equal to ONP ∩ coONP.


YPP: Yaroslav BPP

The probabilistic analogue of YP; it is to YP what MA is to NP. Formally, the class of decision problems for which there exists a syntactic BPP machine M such that:

  • For all input sizes n, there exists a polynomial-size advice string an such that for all inputs x of size n, M(x,an) outputs the correct answer with probability at least 2/3.
  • For all inputs x and advice strings a, the probability that M(x,a) outputs the incorrect answer is at most 1/3. In other words, the sum of the probabilities of the correct answer and "I don't know" is at least 2/3.

To amplify a YPP machine, one can run it multiple times, then accept if a majority of runs accept, reject if a majority reject, and otherwise output "I don't know."

Contains BPP and YP, and is contained in MA and P/poly.


YQP: Yaroslav BQP

Is to YPP as BQP is to BPP, and QMA is to MA. The machine is now a quantum computer and the advice is a quantum state |ψ_n>.

Contains BQP and YPP, and is contained in QMA and BQP/qpoly.